Cyclops®

  • Convenient
  • Reliable
  • Easy-to-use
  • Easy-to-carry
  • Hygienic
  • Less Cough

An In Vitro–In Vivo Comparison of Two Levodopa Dry Powder Products for Inhalation: A Randomized Trial Comparing Inbrija and Levodopa Cyclops

Category: Scientific publication

An In Vitro–In Vivo Comparison of Two Levodopa Dry Powder Products for Inhalation: A Randomized Trial Comparing Inbrija and Levodopa Cyclops

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An In Vitro–In Vivo Comparison of Two Levodopa Dry Powder Products for Inhalation: A Randomized Trial Comparing Inbrija and Levodopa Cyclops

Full paper: Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(9), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17091149 Background/Objectives: The pulmonary administration of levodopa enables a rapid absorption and onset of action, making it a suitable administration route for managing OFF episodes in Parkinson’s disease. Currently, one dry powder product for inhalation (Inbrija) is available on the market, while another (Levodopa Cyclops) is in development. These […]

International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders 2024 – poster on Levodopa Cyclops®

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International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders 2024 – poster on Levodopa Cyclops®

Please check out our latest poster (#708) presenting clinical study results of a head-to-head comparison between Levodopa Cyclops® and Inbrija®. Highlights are: Levodopa Cyclops® is safe and very well tolerated (no cough). Levodopa absorption from Cyclops® is comparable to Inbrija®, thereby, fulfilling the bioequivalence criteria. Results enable abbreviated registration routes with a limited – PK-only […]

Automated Filling Equipment Allows Increase in the Maximum Dose to Be Filled in the Cyclops® High Dose Dry Powder Inhalation Device While Maintaining Dispersibility

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I. Sibum, P. Hagedoorn, C.O. Botterman, H.W. Frijlink and F. Grasmeijer In recent years there has been increasing interest in the pulmonary delivery of high dose dry powder drugs, such as antibiotics. Drugs in this class need to be dosed in doses far over 2.5 mg, and the use of excipients should therefore be minimized. […]

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of inhaled levodopa from a new dry-powder inhaler in patients with Parkinson’s disease

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M. Luinstra, A.W.F. Rutgers, T. van Laar, F. Grasmeijer, A. Begeman, V. Isufi, L. Steenhuis, P. Hagedoorn, A.H. de Boer, H.W. Frijlink Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of inhaled levodopa from a new dry-powder inhaler in patients with Parkinson’s disease, Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease, 2019, 10 More info

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